Integrating hard-to-abate industries in the process of preparing and implementing NDCs

Year Published

2024

Contributing Organizations

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

Type of Resource

Research/Insights Report

Languages

English

Relevant Topics

Core Topic

Materials & Manufacturing

Topic 2

Mitigation

Topic 3

Technical Assistance & Project Preparation

Target Audience

Governments & Policymakers

Technical Assistance Providers

Education Providers / Think Tanks / NGOs

Project Developers

Advisors & Consultants

Relevant Geography

Global

Resource Description

This brief guides countries on integrating hard-to-abate industries (HAI)—steel, cement, chemicals, aluminium, and paper—into NDCs and long-term strategies, focusing on technologies, policies, and financing for industrial decarbonization.

Why This Matters

Integrating HAI into NDCs is vital to align industry with Paris goals, attract investment, and drive a just, low-carbon transition.

Key Insights

HAI produce over a third of global emissions, with demand still growing
Decarbonization options include electrification, renewables, hydrogen, CCS, efficiency, and circularity
Barriers include high costs, infrastructure gaps, and the need for just transitions
Policy tools include carbon pricing, green procurement, R&D support, standards, and capacity building
Progress depends on clear roadmaps, MRV systems, finance mobilization, and international cooperation

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